My uncle Li Make 李馬可, my aunt Long Xin 龍信, my cousin Li Jing 李京, and his wife, Wang Xinlan 王 辛蘭, always welcomed me in Beijing. I was very fortunate to have had second homes in China. My thanks also go to the puppeteers and musicians of fifteen some troupes who performed for me, answered my questions, and sometimes invited me to their homes. I would also like to thank Luo Renzuo 羅 仁 佐 and Minister Guo 郭 廳 長 of the Provincial Ministry of Culture at Taiyuan 太原, Shanxi 山西, and the directors of the cultural bureaus of Huaxian and Huayin 華 陰 in Shaanxi. The enthusiastic performers of the fifteen shadow theatre troupes and numerous shadow puppet carvers I visited and videotaped deserve my deepest gratitude. I thank Cai Yuanli 蔡源莉 (who was like a cousin to me) and Bao Chengjie 包承洁 of the Zhongguo Yishu Yanjiuyuan Quyisuo 中 國藝術研究院曲藝所 and Xiju Yanjiusuo 戲劇研究所 in Beijing 北京 Professor Jiang Yuxiang 江玉祥 of the Museum of Sichuan University 四川大學博物館 in Chengdu 成都, Sichuan 四川 Yang Fei 楊飛 and Li Shuwen 李淑文, retired members of the Sheng Minjian Yishu Juyuan 省 民 間 藝 術 劇 院 in Xi’an 西安, Shaanxi 陜西 Zhang Qi 張 琪 of Huaxian 華縣, Shaanxi Professor Zhao Jianxin 趙 建 新 of Lanzhou University 蘭州大學 in Lanzhou 蘭州, Gansu 甘肅 and Fei Shixun 費 師遜 of the Guangdongsheng Yinyue Yanjiusuo 廣東省音樂研究所 in Guangzhou 廣州, Guangdong 廣東. I could not have been able to locate and travel to all the distant rural localities in search of shadow theatre troupes without the assistance of numerous Chinese researchers, professors, and others friends. My family (my mom, my siblings, Sen, Kao, Shi Pen, and my daughters, Kim and Ingrid) and other friends, including my childhood friends of nacy, and my colleagues at suny-Albany, also showed enthusiasm for my work and saw me through some difficult years. Donna Albright, my college roommate, always lent a helping hand and edited my writing whenever she could. The encouragement and support of many friends and institutions made this book possible. Shang Western Zhou Eastern Zhou: Spring and Autumn Period Warring States Period Qin Western Han Eastern Han Three Kingdoms Period Western Jin Eastern Jin Northern and Southern Dynasties: Liu Song Qi Liang Chen Sui Tang Five Dynasties Northern Song Liao Dynasty Jin Dynasty Southern Song Yuan Ming Qing Republic of China People’s Republic of ChinaĬa.1766–1122 b.c. T h r e e c h i n e s e s h a d ow s c r i p t sĪppendices 1 Suzi 俗字 : Non-Standard Orthography 2 Collections of Shadow Playscriptsģ Main Plays of the Various Chinese Shadow Traditions 4 Shadow Plays Featuring Women Warriors Notes 235 Bibliography Index 333 Pa rt o n e t h e h i s to ry a n d c u l t u r e o f c h i n e s e s h a d ow t h e at r e 1 An Introduction to Shadow Theatre 2 History and Myths 3 The Role of ReligionĤ Women Warriors in Shadow Plays pa rt t wo This book was typeset by Interscript in 10/12 Sabon.ĭedicated to my supportive family and friends Chinese drama – Translations into English. Women in popular culture – China – History. Includes bibliographical references and index. Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Chen, Fan Pen Chinese shadow theatre: history, popular religion, and women warriors / Fan Pen Chen. We also acknowledge the financial support of the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development Program (bpidp) for our publishing activities. McGill-Queen’s University Press acknowledges the support of the Canada Council for the Arts for our publishing program. This book has been published with the help of a grant from the San Diego Chinese Historical Museum. © McGill-Queen’s University Press 2007 isbn 978-0-7735-3197-0 Legal deposit second quarter 2007 Bibliothèque nationale du Québec Printed in Canada on acid-free paper that is 100% ancient forest free (100% post-consumer recycled), processed chlorine free. McGill-Queen’s University Press Montreal & Kingston Chinese Shadow Theatre History, Popular Religion, and Women Warriors fan pen chen
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